Ilm Ul Kalam: The Science Of Speech In Urdu (PDF 39)
Ilm Ul Kalam: The Science of Speech in Urdu (PDF 39)
Ilm Ul Kalam is a branch of Islamic theology that deals with the rational defense of the Islamic faith and the refutation of its opponents. It is also known as kalam or Islamic scholasticism. The term ilm ul kalam literally means the science of speech or the science of discourse. Ilm ul kalam emerged as a response to the challenges posed by various philosophical, theological, and sectarian movements that threatened the unity and purity of Islam. Ilm ul kalam aims to establish the truth of Islam based on rational arguments and evidence, while also respecting the authority of revelation and tradition.
In this article, we will explore the history, development, and significance of ilm ul kalam in Urdu language and literature. We will also provide a link to download a PDF file containing 39 pages of ilm ul kalam texts in Urdu, written by Allama Shibli Nomani, a renowned scholar and reformer of the 19th century.
Ilm Ul Kalam: The Science of Speech in Urdu (PDF 39)
The History and Development of Ilm Ul Kalam in Urdu
Ilm ul kalam has a long and rich history in the Islamic world, dating back to the early centuries of Islam. The pioneers of ilm ul kalam were the Mutazilites, who advocated the use of reason and free will in understanding God and His attributes. They were opposed by the Asharites, who emphasized the transcendence and omnipotence of God and His will. The Asharites were followed by the Maturidites, who tried to balance reason and revelation in their theology. These three schools of ilm ul kalam dominated the Sunni Muslim world for centuries, while the Shia Muslims developed their own school of ilm ul kalam, known as the Imamiyya.
Ilm ul kalam reached its peak in the medieval period, when many great scholars and thinkers contributed to its advancement and refinement. Some of the most prominent names in ilm ul kalam are Imam al-Ghazali, Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Imam Ibn Taymiyyah, Imam Ibn al-Qayyim, Imam Ibn Khaldun, Imam al-Suyuti, Imam al-Taftazani, Imam al-Sanusi, Imam al-Bajuri, and many others. They wrote numerous books and treatises on various topics related to ilm ul kalam, such as Gods existence and attributes, prophethood and revelation, predestination and free will, faith and works, miracles and signs, etc.
Ilm ul kalam also influenced other fields of Islamic knowledge, such as jurisprudence (fiqh), mysticism (tasawwuf), ethics (akhlaq), philosophy (falsafa), logic (mantiq), rhetoric (balagha), etc. Ilm ul kalam provided the framework and methodology for deriving Islamic rulings and principles from the sources of Islam (Quran and Sunnah). It also helped to clarify and harmonize the apparent contradictions and ambiguities in the texts. Ilm ul kalam also enriched the spiritual and moral aspects of Islam by explaining the relationship between God and His creation, between this world and the hereafter, between human beings and their responsibilities.
Ilm ul kalam was not only confined to Arabic language and literature, but also spread to other languages and regions where Muslims lived. One of these languages is Urdu, which is spoken by millions of Muslims in South Asia and elsewhere. Urdu is a hybrid language that combines elements from Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Hindi, Sanskrit, etc. Urdu emerged as a distinct language in the 12th century CE under the influence of Muslim invaders and rulers who came from Central Asia and Persia. Urdu became a medium of expression for Islamic culture and civilization in South Asia.
Ilm ul kalam was introduced to Urdu by Muslim scholars who translated or wrote original works on ilm ul kalam in Urdu. Some of these scholars are Shah Wali Allah Dehlawi (1703-1762 CE), Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlawi (1746-1824 CE), Shah Ismail Dehlawi (1779-1831 CE), Maulana Qasim Nanotwi (1833-1877 CE), Maul 04f6b60f66